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On 21 May 2006, Montenegro held a referendum to determine whether to end its union with Serbia. The results showed 55.4% of voters in favor of independence, which was just above the 55% required by the referendum. On 5 June 2006, the [[National Assembly of Serbia]] declared Serbia to be the legal successor to the former state union.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5083690.stm|title=Montenegro gets Serb recognition|publisher=BBC|date=15 June 2006}}</ref> The Assembly of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008. Serbia immediately condemned the declaration and continues to deny any statehood to Kosovo. The declaration has sparked varied responses from the international community, some welcoming it, while others condemned the unilateral move.<ref name="New York Sun">{{cite web|url=http://www.nysun.com/foreign/rift-emerges-at-the-united-nations-over-kosovo/71420/|title=Rift Emerges at the United Nations Over Kosovo|publisher=New York Sun|date=19 February 2008}}</ref> [[Belgrade-Pristina negotiations|Status-neutral talks]] between Serbia and Kosovo-Albanian authorities are held in [[Brussels]], mediated by the EU.
In April 2008 Serbia was invited to join the [[Intensified Dialogue]] programme with [[NATO]] despite the diplomatic rift with the alliance over Kosovo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2008&mm=04&dd=03&nav_id=49084|title=NATO offers "intensified dialogue" to Serbia|publisher=B92|date=3 April 2008|accessdate=28 April 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611111400/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2008&mm=04&dd=03&nav_id=49084|archivedate=11 June 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Serbia officially applied for membership in the [[European Union]] on 22 December 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/eu/republic-of-serbia-eu |title=Republic of Serbia – European Union |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=24 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506084426/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/eu/republic-of-serbia-eu |archivedate=6 May 2013 }}</ref> and received candidate status on 1 March 2012, following a delay in December 2011.<ref name="bbc"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/enlargement/115466|title=Serbia gets EU candidate status, Romania gets nothing|publisher=EUobserver|date=2 March 2012|accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref> Following a positive recommendation of the [[European Commission]] and [[European Council]] in June 2013, negotiations to join the EU commenced in January 2014.<ref>http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/137634.pdf{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
==Geography==
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Serbia has established diplomatic relations with 188 [[UN member states]], the [[Holy See]], the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]], and the [[European Union]].<ref name="DList">{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/diplomatic_list_1012.pdf |title=Serbia Diplomatic List 2012 |publisher= |accessdate=27 October 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023014630/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/diplomatic_list_1012.pdf |archivedate=23 October 2013 }}</ref> Foreign relations are conducted through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has a network of 65 embassies and 23 consulates internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Worldframe.htm |title=Diplomatic Missions |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia |accessdate=24 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505093604/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Worldframe.htm |archivedate=5 May 2012 }}</ref> There are 65 [[List of diplomatic missions in Serbia|foreign embassies]], 5 consulates and 4 liaison offices in Serbia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Embassies/missions_e.html |title=Diplomatic Missions in Serbia |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia |accessdate=15 September 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220121901/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Embassies/missions_e.html |archivedate=20 February 2012 }}</ref>
Serbian foreign policy is focused on achieving the strategic goal of becoming a [[member state of the European Union]] (EU). Serbia started the process of joining the EU by signing of the [[Stabilisation and Association Process|Stabilisation and Association Agreement]] on 29 April 2008 and officially applied for membership in the European Union on 22 December 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.se2009.eu/en/meetings_news/2009/12/22/serbia_apples_for_eu_membership|title=Serbia applies for EU membership|publisher=Swedish Presidency of the European Union|accessdate=25 December 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127101640/http://www.se2009.eu/en/meetings_news/2009/12/22/serbia_applies_for_eu_membership|archivedate=27 January 2010|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It received a full [[Future enlargement of the European Union#Recognised candidates|candidate status]] on 1 March 2012 and started [[Enlargement of the EU|accession talks]] on 21 January 2014.<ref name="Council of the EU">{{cite news|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/137634.pdf|work=Council of the European Union|title=EUROPEAN COUNCIL 27/28 JUNE 2013 CONCLUSIONS|date=27 June 2013|accessdate=28 June 2013}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/EU-grants-Serbia-candidate-status/articleshow/12108156.cms |title=EU grants Serbia candidate status |publisher=Times of India |date=2 March 2012 |accessdate=24 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417141835/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/EU-grants-Serbia-candidate-status/articleshow/12108156.cms |archivedate=17 April 2012 }}</ref>
The province of [[Kosovo]] declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, which sparked varied responses from the international community, some welcoming it, while others condemn the unilateral move.<ref name="New York Sun"/> Serbia has, at first, recalled its ambassadors from states which have recognized [[Kosovo]], in protest.<ref>{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.ekonomskitim.sr.gov.yu/et.php?str=novost_detalji&jez=eng&nov=1852 |date=* |title=Protest conveyed to France, Britain, Costa Rica, Australia, Albania }}</ref>
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[[File:Dam Serbia Djerdap 2.jpg|thumb|[[Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station|Đerdap 1 Hydroelectric Power Station]], the largest dam on the Danube river and one of the largest hydro power stations in Europe]]
The production of electricity in 2015 in Serbia was 36.5 billion kilowatt-hours (KWh), while the final electricity consumption amounted to 35.5 billion kilowatt-hours (KWh).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eps.rs/Eng/Article.aspx?lista=Novosti&id=69 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-05-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924231958/http://www.eps.rs/Eng/Article.aspx?lista=Novosti&id=69 |archivedate=24 September 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Most of the electricity produced comes from thermal-power plants (72.7% of all electricity) and to a lesser degree from [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric-power plants]] (27.3%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forumserbia.eu/P42A0C50S26/Energy-Sector.htm |title=Sectors >> Energy Sector .:: Italy-Serbia: Enhancing Entrepreneurial Development :: |language=it |publisher=Forumserbia.eu |date=6 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193017/http://www.forumserbia.eu/P42A0C50S26/Energy-Sector.htm |archivedate=29 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> There are 6 lignite-operated [[Fossil-fuel power station|thermal-power plants]] with an installed power of 3,936 MW; largest of which are 1,502 MW-[[TPP Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla 1]] and 1,160 MW-[[TPP Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla 2]], both in Obrenovac.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tent.rs/en/about-us |title=TENT – Responsibility and Privilege |publisher=Tent.rs |date=}}</ref> Total installed power of 9 hydroelectric-power plants is 2,831 MW, largest of which is [[Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station|Đerdap 1]] with capacity of 1,026 MW.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.djerdap.rs/index.aspx?pageno=14&mId=177&mpId=69&langId=2 |title=HE Đerdap 1 – Tehničke karakteristike |publisher=Djerdap.rs |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20131025200350/http://www.djerdap.rs/index.aspx?pageno=14&mId=177&mpId=69&langId=2 |archivedate=25 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In addition to this, there are mazute and gas-operated thermal-power plants with an installed power of 353 MW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://serbia-energy.eu/energy-sector-serbia/ |title=Serbia Energy Business Magazine – Energy Sector Serbia |publisher=Serbia-energy.eu |date=}}</ref> The entire production of electricity is concentrated in [[Elektroprivreda Srbije|Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS)]], public electric-utility power company.
The current oil production in Serbia amounts to over 1.1 million tons of oil equivalent<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nis.rs/o-nama/nis-ukratko/nis-u-brojkama?lang=en |title=НИС у бројкама | НИС |publisher=Nis.rs |date=}}</ref> and satisfies some 43% of country's needs while the rest is imported.<ref name="uk.practicallaw.com">{{cite web|url=http://uk.practicallaw.com/4-524-1945?q=*&qp=&qo=&qe= |title=Practical Law |publisher=Uk.practicallaw.com |date=1 February 2013}}</ref> National petrol company, [[Naftna Industrija Srbije|Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS)]], was acquired in 2008 by [[Gazprom Neft]]. The company has completed $700 million modernisation of oil-refinery in [[Pančevo]] (capacity of 4.8 million tons) and is currently in the midst of converting oil refinery in [[Novi Sad]] into lubricants-only refinery. It also operates network of 334 filling stations in Serbia (74% of domestic market) and additional 36 stations in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], 31 in [[Bulgaria]], and 28 in [[Romania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/biz/vesti/srbija.php?yyyy=2013&mm=11&dd=10&nav_id=775796 |title=Biz – Vesti – Kravčenko: NIS je već sada broj 1 |publisher=B92 |date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nis.rs/o-nama/nis-ukratko/nis-danas?lang=en |title=НИС данас | НИС |publisher=Nis.rs |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192114/http://www.nis.rs/o-nama/nis-ukratko/nis-danas?lang=en |archivedate=29 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> There are 155 kilometers of crude oil pipelines connecting Pančevo and Novi Sad refineries as a part of trans-national [[Adria oil pipeline]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transnafta.rs/en/home/about_us/comp_activity/ |title=Transnafta – Home – About us – Company's activity |publisher=Transnafta.rs |date=}}</ref>
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|}Serbia has a strategic transportation location since the country's backbone, [[Great Morava|Morava Valley]], represents by far the easiest route of land travel from continental Europe to [[Asia Minor]] and the [[Near East]].
Serbian road network carries the bulk of traffic in the country. Total length of roads is 45,419 km of which 782 km are "class-Ia state roads" (i.e. [[motorways]]); 4,481 km are "class-Ib state roads" (national roads); 10,941 km are "class-II state roads" (regional roads) and 23,780 km are "municipal roads".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.putevi-srbije.rs/pdf/zakon_o_putevima_lat.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-10-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419032548/http://www.putevi-srbije.rs/pdf/zakon_o_putevima_lat.pdf |archivedate=19 April 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>http://www.putevi-srbije.rs/sr/putna-mrea-republike-srbije {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217053433/http://www.putevi-srbije.rs/sr/putna-mrea-republike-srbije |date=17 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>http://www.putevi-srbije.rs/index.php/en/about-us</ref> The road network, except for the most of class-Ia roads, are of comparatively lower quality to the Western European standards because of lack of financial resources for their maintenance in the last 20 years.
[[File:New map of motorways in Serbia.svg|thumb|right|185px|Motorway network
{{legend|green|in service}}
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Serbia has a well-established theatrical tradition with [[Joakim Vujić]] considered the founder of modern Serbian theater.<ref name="Joakim">{{cite web|url=http://www.joakimvujic.com/english.php |title=Joakim Vujic Bio |publisher=joakimvujic.com |accessdate=20 March 2013}}</ref> Serbia has 38 professional theatres, the most important of which are [[National Theatre in Belgrade|National Theatre]] in Belgrade, [[Serbian National Theatre]] in Novi Sad, [[National Theatre in Subotica]], [[National Theatre in Niš]] and [[Knjaževsko-srpski teatar]] in Kragujevac (the oldest theatre in Serbia, established in 1835). The [[Bitef|Belgrade International Theatre Festival – BITEF]], founded in 1967, is one of the oldest theater festivals in the world, and it has become one of the five biggest European festivals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bitef.rs/festival/?pg=simple&jez=en&smpl=festival |title=Bitef History |publisher=bitef.com |accessdate=20 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605150248/http://www.bitef.rs/festival/?pg=simple&jez=en&smpl=festival |archivedate=5 June 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Sterijino pozorje]] is, on the other hand, festival showcasing national drama plays. The most important Serbian playwrighters were [[Jovan Sterija Popović]] and [[Branislav Nušić]], while today renowned names are [[Dušan Kovačević]] and [[Biljana Srbljanović]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rastko.rs/isk/pmarjanovic-theater.html |title=Petar Marjanovic – The theatre |publisher=rastko.rs |accessdate=21 March 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Emir_Kusturica_at_Guadalajara_film_festival_2009.jpg|thumb|left|175px|[[Emir Kusturica]], most famous Serbian film director, won the [[Palme d'Or]] twice at [[Cannes Film Festival]].]]
The [[Serbian cinema]] is one of the most dynamic smaller European cinematographies. Serbia's film industry is heavily subsidised by the government, mainly through grants approved by the Film Centre of Serbia. In 2011, there were 17 domestic feature films produced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pregled-rs.rs/article.php?pid=1494&id=39409&name=CINEMATOGRAPHY%20IN%20SERBIA,%202012&lang=en|title=Pregled RS – Hosting company|publisher=}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There are 20 operating cinemas in the country, of which 10 are [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplexes]], with total attendance exceeding 2.6 million and comparatively high percentage of 32.3% of total sold tickets for domestic films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538|title=UIS Statistics|author=OECD|publisher=|accessdate=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/rs/article/multipleksi-ozivljavaju-srpske-bioskope-po-visokoj-ceni|title=Multipleksi oživljavaju srpske bioskope po visokoj ceni|publisher=|accessdate=27 October 2014}}</ref> Modern [[Pink International Company|PFI Studios]] located in [[Šimanovci]] is nowadays Serbia's only film studio complex; it consists of 9 state-of-the-art sound stages and attracts mainly international productions, primarily American and West European.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pfistudios.com/|title=pfi studios|publisher=}}</ref> The [[Yugoslav Film Archive]] used to be former Yugoslavia's and now is Serbia national film archive – with over 95 thousand film prints, it is among five largest film archives in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kinoteka.org.rs/eng/arhiv/index.htm|title=New Page 2|publisher=|accessdate=27 October 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225081939/http://www.kinoteka.org.rs/eng/arhiv/index.htm|archivedate=25 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Serbian cinema dates back to 1896 with the release of the oldest movie in the Balkans, ''[[The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Vožd Karađorđe]]'', a biography about Serbian revolutionary leader, [[Karađorđe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/magazine/sr/story/411/Film/998168/Restauriran+najstariji+srpski+igrani+film.html |title=Restauriran najstariji srpski igrani film |language=sr |publisher=Rts.rs |date=26 November 2011 |accessdate=15 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netsrbija.net/srpska-kultura-film-i-kinematografija.html |title=Razvoj filma i kinematografije u Srbiji |publisher=Netsrbija.net |accessdate=24 May 2012}}</ref>
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*{{Official website|1=http://www.srbija.gov.rs/?change_lang=en}}
*[http://www.serbia.travel/ National tourist organisation of Serbia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120829212325/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/serbia.htm Serbia] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''.
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Serbia}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17907947 Serbia profile] from the [[BBC News]].
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